Rangkuman CCNA 2 - Chapter 2

2.1.1 ISP help desk organization

          network troubleshooting is a very important thing for the individual and corporate business. for problems that occur on the Internet network connectivity, ISP has a problem-solving assistance programs using customer equipment.

ISP Help Desk team to ensure that problems can be resolved quickly and to the satisfaction of the customer

2.1.2 ISP technician role

          when users start contacting DESK write in order to get help, then call or message is usually directed at the first technician. usually it is directed by junior-level technicians.

2.1.3 interaction with customers

          interaction with the customer is usually done by phone, e-mail, visit. Customers usually frequent telephone until the problem is solved, if the problem by phone is not completed, then the team visits the customer's ISP.

2.2.1 the use of OSI

          when using OSI as a framework for solving the problem, then you should have a basic first systematic

2.2.2 OSI Model Protocols and Technologies .
          OSI protocol model has several layers including:
1: The top layer is made ​​of data.
2: Layer 1 converts the data for transmission.
3: Layer 2 data link layer adds the title.
4: Layer 3 IP network to add to the information.
5: Layer 4 transport smoothed data for end-to-end.

2.2.3  Troubleshooting OSI Model      for solving problems of the OSI model has a systematic basis for troubleshooting a network.
* drawing problem
* insulation for the problem
* identification of a settlement with the alternative route
* evaluation

 

2.3.1 Help Desk Troubleshooting Scenarios

       the types of calls that are received by the help desk to varying extensively. Some of the most common calls to email, host configuration, and connectedness.

2.3.2 Creating and Using Help Desk Records
        at Level 1 desk technician receives a call, there is a process to follow to gather information. There are also specific systems to store and obtain related information. That it is an important part for our technicians to find the correct information such as the call should be extended to Layer 2 or the need for a visit to the venue.

2.3.3 How the OSI layer

          When data is transferred over the network, before the data must pass through the seven layers of the terminal, starting from the application layer to the physical layer, and then on the receiving side, the data is passed to the physical layer applications. At the time of data through one layer of the sender, it will add a "header" while on the receiver "header" in accordance with the layer removed. From each layer has its own task to smooth the data to be transmitted.

so my summary

thank you

Rangkuman CCNA 2 - Chapter 1

                               chapter 1, we will learn about the INTERNET

* Understanding the Internet
Internet is a network connecting the computer with other computers using TCP / IP.

By using the internet we are not hard to connect one computer to another using a cable or the like. in the network has a wide range of information and facilities for browsing or surfing the internet service.
Internet serves as an aspect of communication, information providers, and facilities for promosi.Internet can connect us with various parties at various locations around the world.

Internet also have benefits, including:

* As a media file transfer

* As a means of sending a letter (email).

* As a note of learning and education.

* As a means for sales or marketing

Internet also offers other users, namely:
-Provide the servers and software applications for web store
-Providing server for software
-To manage a large internal network.

so that you can access the internet you need to have a connection that is connected to the ISP

method should you use on the network is ::

1 - Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL)

      Is a data communications technology that enables faster data transmission over copper telephone compared to existing conventional modem.

2 - Dial up access

     Network is a type of computer connection to the Internet's most widely used by mobile workers

3 - Satellite

   Is a computer connected via ethernet to a satellite modem that serves as the satellite signal may

4 - Cable Modem

    Is able to provide high-speed data access over cable networks.

Internet hierarchy ******

Simply put, the Internet is a large network consisting of small networks. Most of the major telecommunications companies have their own backbone that connects several areas. In each region, the company has a Point of Presence (POP). POP is a place for local users to access the company's network.

Bandwidth ******

       I think understanding the bandwidth is the difference between the lowest frequency and the highest frequency within the specified range.

 >> Terms of bandwidth per second within the "Bps"

 >> A few kilobits of bandwidth term is "kbps"

 Terms
 >> bandwidth in a matter Megapits is "Mbps"

 Terms of bandwidth
 >> Gigapits within the "Gbps"

in terms of bandwidth, there are a network called "Metro Ethernet", which means the network that connects the main office location with all branches.

This network uses a technology that has been activated. medium used to connect to the internet is the "Internet backbone, fiber optic cable". This network utility makes a hint to visualize ISP network interconnection,

if you want to send data packets way is to use the PING command, for example ::

ping <192.168.1.1> enter, then enter  the  IP  to destination

  if no data packets to the destination way to overcome the problem is with the output of the traceroute utility.

ISP connectivity ******

         some devices used for ISP connectivity include:

         * DSL multiplexer acces

         * Border gateway routers.

=> ISP also has a responsible organization and has an important role. one of which is:

=> Customer-specific service => role is to take orders and make sure that all the requirements have been accepted into the database booking.

****** Here is some kind of ISP services with the following characteristics:

 1. Connection Speed ​​(Connection Speed)

 • The download speed varies from 56 kbps for dial-up and 1.5 Mbps or more for higher technology such as DSL and Cable Modem.

 • High-speed connection recommended for someone who many download programs, play games online, or run their own servers.

 2. Video on Demand

 • Download movies in real-time which allows the user to see the movie on the internet directly. This service is also referred to as Streaming Video.

3. Content Filtering (Content Filtering)

 • ISP provides software that can be downloaded to prevent the specific material based on user specifications.

 • Software is often used to block inappropriate sites and to block attacks siebuah site.

 4. Virus Scanning

 • ISPs often include virus scanning and anti-spam in a part of the package connections.

 • ISP most malicious code scanning of files uploaded from the user and the user to the next.

 5. IP Telephone

 • ISPs also provide IP Telephone service that allows users to make and receive calls from the internet.

 • When using the Internet, distance is usually not applicable.

 6. Personal Home Pages

 • Personal Home Pages are provided in the ISP service. Usually the size of web space and traffic is limited.

 • Design and maintenance of website depends on its creator.

 7. Web Hosting Services

 • Organizations that do not have a server to use ISP server as their server.

 • Web Hosting Service is usually purchased by the size of the web site and the anticipation of each month.

                                                           so a summary of me ..

                                                                       Thank you ....

jaringan komputer

Jaringan komputer

(jaringan) adalah sebuah sistem yang terdiri atas komputer-komputer yang didesain untuk dapat berbagi sumber daya (printer, CPU), berkomunikasi (surel, pesan instan), dan dapat mengakses informasi(peramban web)^[1]

Klasifikasi jaringan komputer terbagi menjadi :

1.     Berdasarkan geografisnya, jaringan komputer terbagi menjadi Jaringan wilayah lokal atau Local Area Network (LAN), Jaringan wilayah metropolitan atau Metropolitan Area Network (MAN), dan Jaringan wilayah luas atau Wide Area Network (WAN).^[7][8] Jaringan wilayah lokal]] merupakan jaringan milik pribadi di dalam sebuah gedung atau tempat yang berukuran sampai beberapa 1 - 10 kilometer.^[7][3] LAN seringkali digunakan untuk menghubungkan komputer-komputer pribadi dan stasiun kerja (workstation) dalam kantor suatu perusahaan atau pabrik-pabrik untuk memakai bersama sumberdaya (misalnya pencetak (printer) dan saling bertukar informasi.^[3] Sedangkan Jaringan wilayah metropolitan merupakan perluasan jaringan LAN sehingga mencakup satu kota yang cukup luas, terdiri atas puluhan gedung yang berjarak 10 - 50 kilometer.^[8][7] Kabel transmisi yang digunakan adalah kabel serat optik (Coaxial Cable).^[8] Jaringan wilayah luas Merupakan jaringan antarkota, antar propinsi, antar negara, bahkan antar benua.^[8] Jaraknya bisa mencakup seluruh dunia, misalnya jaringan yang menghubungkan semua bank di Indonesia, atau jaringan yang menghubungkan semua kantor Perwakilan Indonesia di seluruh dunia.^[8] Media transmisi utama adalah komunikasi lewat satelit, tetapi banyak yang mengandalkan koneksi serat optik antar negara.^[8]

2.     Berdasarkan fungsi, terbagi menjadi Jaringan Klien-server (Client-server) dan Jaringan Ujung ke ujung (Peer-to-peer).^[8] Jaringan klien-server pada ddasaranya ada satu komputer yang disiapkan menjadi peladen (server) dari komputer lainnya yang sebagai klien (client).^[8] Semua permintaan layanan sumberdaya dari komputer klien harus dilewatkan ke komputer peladen, komputer peladen ini yang akan mengatur pelayanannya.^[8] Apabila komunikasi permintaan layanan sangat sibuk bahkan bisa disiapkan lebih dari satu komputer menjadi peladen, sehingga ada pembagian tugas, misalnya file-server, print-server, database server dan sebagainya.^[8] Tentu saja konfigurasi komputer peladen biasanya lebih dari konfigurasi komputer klien baik dari segi kapasitas memori, kapasitas cakram keras {harddisk), maupun kecepatan prosessornya.^[8] Sedangkan jaringan ujung ke ujung itu ditunjukkan dengan komputer-komputer saling mendukung, sehingga setiap komputer dapat meminta pemakaian bersama sumberdaya dari komputer lainnya, demikian pula harus siap melayani permintaan dari komputer lainnya.^[8] Model jaringan ini biasanya hanya bisa diterapkan pada jumlah komputer yang tidak terlalu banyak, maksimum 25, karena komunikasi akan menjadi rumit dan macet bilamana komputer terlalu banyak.^[8]

3.     Berdasarkan topologi jaringan, jaringan komputer dapat dibedakan atas^[3]:

1.     Topologi bus

2.     Topologi bintang

3.     Topologi cincin

4.     Topologi mesh

5.     Topologi pohon

6.     Topologi linier

4.     Berdasarkan distribusi sumber informasi/data

1.     Jaringan terpusat

Jaringan ini terdiri dari komputer klien dan peladen yang mana komputer klien yang berfungsi sebagai perantara untuk mengakses sumber informasi/data yang berasal dari satu komputer peladen.^[9]

2.     Jaringan terdistribusi

Merupakan perpaduan beberapa jaringan terpusat sehingga terdapat beberapa komputer peladen yang saling berhubungan dengan klien membentuk sistem jaringan tertentu.^[9]

5.     Berdasarkan media transmisi data

1.     Jaringan Berkabel (Wired Network)

Pada jaringan ini, untuk menghubungkan satu komputer dengan komputer lain diperlukan penghubung berupa kabel jaringan.^[9] Kabel jaringan berfungsi dalam mengirim informasi dalam bentuk sinyal listrik antar komputer jaringan.^[9]

2.     Jaringan nirkabel(Wi-Fi)

Merupakan jaringan dengan medium berupa gelombang elektromagnetik.^[9] Pada jaringan ini tidak diperlukan kabel untuk menghubungkan antar komputer karena menggunakan gelombang elektromagnetik yang akan mengirimkan sinyal informasi antar komputer jaringan.^[9]